Brequinar (DUP785) is a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with an IC₅₀ of 5.2 nM for human DHODH. Brequinar has potent activities against a broad spectrum of viruses. Brequinar also has an anti-SARS2 activity.

Brequinar reduces virus progeny production by >90%, with EC₅₀ of 17 nM. Brequinar (5 μM) also inhibits other orthopoxviruses, and blocks virus DNA replication. Brequinar does not affect virus early gene expression, but has a severe effect on the late stage of the virus cycle^[1]. Brequinar reduces the level of envelope protein production and the viral titer in a dose-dependent manner, with EC₅₀ of 78 nM in the CFI assay. Brequinar (5 μM) inhibits viral RNA synthesis. Brequinar has antiviral effect, but the effect is reversed by pyrimidine. Brequinar-resistant viruses can be selected in cell culture. Brequinar (5 μM) suppresses the luciferase activities from both the WT and NS5 mutant replicons^[2]. Brequinar sodium effectively prevents the increase in PyNTP levels with an IC₅₀ of 0.26 μM. Brequinar sodium effectively inhibits cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ of 0.26 μM. Brequinar sodium inhibits autophosphorylation of p56^lck with IC₅₀ of 70 μM; inhibition is 39, 41, and 60% for 25, 50, and 100 μM Brequinar sodium, respectively. Brequinar sodium also inhibits the phosphorylation by p56^lck of the exogenous substrate, histone 2B, with an IC₅₀ of 70 μM; inhibition is 10, 43, 59, and 86% for 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM Brequinar sodium, respectively. Brequinar sodium inhibits autophosphorylation of p59^fyn with an IC₅₀ of 105 μM; inhibition is 0, 17, 48, and 65% for 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM Brequinar sodium, respectively. Brequinar sodium also inhibits the phosphorylation by p59^fyn of histone 2B with an IC₅₀ of 20 μM; inhibition is 26, 54, 79, 83, and 84% for 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM Brequinar sodium, respectively^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Brequinar sodium-treated (10-20 mg/kg/day) mice has a 31% reduction in percentage of packed cell volume compared with untreated BALB/c mice. Brequinar sodium reduces UTP and CTP levels in bone marrow cells by 30 and 25%, respectively. Brequinar sodium (10-20 mg/kg/day) in combination with uridine (1000-2000 mg/kg/day) prevents anemia, and the hematocrits remain at levels (61-63%) comparable with those of untreated controls^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

375.37

C₂₃H₁₅F₂NO₂

96187-53-0

布喹那

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (66.60 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (5.54 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

  此方案可获得 2.08 mg/mL (5.54 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.54 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.54 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Schnellrath LC, et al. Potent antiviral activity of brequinar against the emerging Cantagalo virus in cell culture. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Nov;38(5):435-41.

  [2]. Qing M, et al. Characterization of dengue virus resistance to brequinar in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3686-95.

  [3]. Xu X, et al. In vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action of the antiproliferative and immunosuppressive agent, brequinar sodium. J Immunol. 1998 Jan 15;160(2):846-53.

  [4]. Zeping Zuo, et al. Bifunctional Naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione Compounds Exhibit Antitumor Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase and Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Med Chem. 2020 Jun 4.

  [5]. David C Schultz, et al. Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2022 Feb 7.

Immunoprecipitated p59^fyn or p56^lck from CTLL-4 cells or LSTRA cells (5×10⁶) is preincubated with various concentrations of BQR in the PTK buffer (50 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 10 mM MgCl₂, and 10 mM MnCl₂) on ice for 10 min. Exogenous substrate, histone 2B (2 μg), is added and, after 10 min, the reaction is initiated by addition of 10 μCi [γ-³²P]ATP. After incubation at 20°C for 10 min, the reaction mixture is subjected to electrophoresis in a 12.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Phosphorylation of the kinase and the exogenous substrate is analyzed by autoradiography.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The neutral-red uptake assay is used to evaluate cell viability. BSC-40 cells are seeded in 96-well plates in the presence of concentrations of Brequinar ranging from 0.01 μM to 75 μM for 24 h. Control cells are incubated with 0.1% DMSO. Neutral red is methanol/acetic acid-extracted from cells and is quantitated at an absorbance of 490 nm (A490). All measurements expressed the average of four independent assays.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Brequinar is administered once daily by i.p. injection, while uridine is administered twice daily. Mice are bled through the orbital vein using a microhematocrit capillary tube, and the blood is centrifuged for 10 min at 550 × g. The percentage of packed cell volumes is determined with a microhematocrit capillary tube reader. All mice are killed 4 h after receiving their last dose of Brequinar or uridine.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Schnellrath LC, et al. Potent antiviral activity of brequinar against the emerging Cantagalo virus in cell culture. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Nov;38(5):435-41.

  [2]. Qing M, et al. Characterization of dengue virus resistance to brequinar in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3686-95.

  [3]. Xu X, et al. In vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action of the antiproliferative and immunosuppressive agent, brequinar sodium. J Immunol. 1998 Jan 15;160(2):846-53.

  [4]. Zeping Zuo, et al. Bifunctional Naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione Compounds Exhibit Antitumor Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase and Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Med Chem. 2020 Jun 4.

  [5]. David C Schultz, et al. Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2022 Feb 7.