Tripterin (Celastrol) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC₅₀ of 2.5 μM.

IC50: 2.5 μM (20S proteasome)^[1]

Tripterin (Celastrol) significantly inhibits the proteasomal chymotrypsin activity in PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; at 2.5 μM it reaches ~55% inhibition, comparable to its potency to a purified 20S proteasome (IC₅₀=2.5 μM). Furthermore, increased levels of IκB-α, Bax, and p27 are observed, three well known target proteins of the proteasome in PC-3 cells treated with Celastrol^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Treatment of PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice with Tripterin (Celastrol) (1-3 mg/kg/d, i.p., 1-31 days) results in significant inhibition (65-93%) of the tumor growth^[1]. Following treatment with 3 and 6 mg/kg Tripterin (Celastrol), the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) are significantly decreased by 35.2 and 36.7% (P<0.05), respectively. Treatment with 3 and 6 mg/kg Tripterin (Celastrol) markedly restores the GSH level (P<0.05) to almost normal levels^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

450.61

C₂₉H₃₈O₄

34157-83-0

雷公藤红素；南蛇藤素；南蛇藤醇；苦瓜甙；苦瓜苷；苦瓜素；苦瓜皂甙

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

In Vitro: 

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (73.97 mM; Need ultrasonic)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (ultrasonic;warming;heat to 60°C) (insoluble)

*

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

In Vivo:

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• [1]. Yang H, et al. Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine,” is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. Cancer Res. 2006 May 1;66(9):4758-65

  [2]. Guan Y, et al. Celastrol attenuates oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats by regulating the AMPK-PGC1α-SIRT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 2016 May;37(5):1229-38.

A purified rabbit 20S proteasome (0.1 μg) is incubated with 40 μM of various fluorogenic peptide substrates in 100 μL assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl ,pH 7.5), in the presence of Celastrol or Oridonin at different concentrations or in the solvent DMSO for 2 hours at 37°C, followed by measurement of inhibition of each proteasomal activity^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Prostate cancer cells (5,000-8,000) are plated in each well of a 96-well plate and then treated with either DMSO, Tripterin (Celastrol), or Oridonin at different concentrations for 12 to 16 hours, followed by an additional 2-hour incubation with Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC (at 40 μM). After that, the proteasome activity is measured using the whole plate^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[1]
Male nude immunodeficient mice NCRNU-M, aged 5 weeks, are used. On day 0, human prostate cancer PC-3 or C4-2B cells (5-10×10⁶) suspended in 0.1 mL of serum-free RPMI 1640 are inoculated s.c. in the right flank of each mouse (four mice per group). For the first experiment using PC-3 cells, on day 14 after inoculation, the animals started daily i.p. injection with either 50 to 100 μL of a vehicle [10% DMSO, 70% Cremophor/ethanol (3:1), and 20% PBS], and 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg of Tripterin (Celastrol) . Tumor sizes are measured daily using calipers and their volumes are calculated using a standard formula: width²×length/2. Body weight is measured weekly. To study whether the proteasome is inhibited in an early phase of the experiment, after 3 days of treatment, one control and one 3.0 mg/kg Tripterin (Celastrol) -treated mouse is sacrificed. The rest are sacrificed after 16 days of treatment when control tumors reach 1,400 mm³. For the second PC-3 tumor experiment, 12 days after inoculation, mice are randomly divided into three groups and treated with either control, Tripterin (Celastrol) , or Oridonin at 1.5 mg/kg daily for the duration of the study (31 days). In another experiment, to study the effects of Tripterin (Celastrol) on AR expression, nude mice bearing C4-2B tumors receive daily i.p. injection of the vehicle or 3.0 mg/kg Tripterin (Celastrol) .
Rats^[2]
Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=90, 6 weeks old), weighing 161±9 g, are randomly divided into the control (NC) and the high energy diet (HED) groups. In the control group, the animals receive a standard chow diet, while the rats in the HED group are fed with an additional high energy emulsion. After 8 weeks on their respective diets, Streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.1 mol/l citrate buffer (pH 4.5) is injected into the caudal vein of the rats in the HED group to establish a model of T2DM, while the rats in the control group are injected with sodium citrate buffer. The rats with blood glucose levels ≥16.7 mM at 7 days after the STZ injection are selected as the model of diabetes. On average, 80% of the rats injected with STZ met these criteria. At 1 week following the injection of STZ, the rats with successfully-induced diabetes are randomly divided into the diabetes model (DM) group, the Tripterin (Celastrol) low-dose group (1 mg/kg/day), the Tripterin (Celastrol) middle-dose group (3 mg/kg/day) and the Tripterin (Celastrol) high-dose group (6 mg/kg/day) (n=15 rats per group). The rats in the treatment groups are administered Tripterin (Celastrol) by gavage, whereas the rats in the NC and DM groups are administered an equal amount of distilled water (2 mL). Following 8 weeks of the respective treatments, rats are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg body weight) and tissue samples are collected for analysis. The paravertebral muscle is excised from the rat bodies, and is cut perpendicularly along the longitudinal axis and fixed in phosphate-buffered 20% formaldehyde. Histological paraffin-embedded sections (5 µm) are then prepared for H&E staining. The sections of paravertebral muscle are snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until further analysis.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Yang H, et al. Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine,” is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. Cancer Res. 2006 May 1;66(9):4758-65

  [2]. Guan Y, et al. Celastrol attenuates oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats by regulating the AMPK-PGC1α-SIRT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 2016 May;37(5):1229-38.