Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is a selective, orally active PPARγ agonist with EC₅₀s of 30 nM, 100 nM and 60 nM for PPARγ1, PPARγ2, and PPARγ, respectively. Rosiglitazone binds to PPARγ with a K_d of approximately 40 nM. Rosiglitazone is also an activator of TRPC5 (EC₅₀=~30 μM) and an inhibitor of TRPM3^[1][2][3][4].

Rosiglitazone is a potent and selective activator of PPARγ, with EC₅₀s of 30 nM and 100 nM for PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, respectively, and a K_d of appr 40 nM for PPARγ. Rosiglitazone (BRL49653, 0.1, 1,10 μM) promotes differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells to adipocytes^[1]. Rosiglitazone (Compound 6) activates PPARγ, with an EC₅₀ of 60 nM^[2]. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) activates PPARγ, which binds to NF-α1 promoter to activate gene transcription in neurons. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) also protects Neuro2A cells and hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress, and up-regulates BCL-2 expression in an NF-α1-dependent manner^[3]. Rosiglitazone completely inhibits TRPM3 with IC₅₀ values of 9.5 and 4.6 μM against nifedipine- and PregS-evoked activity, but such effects are not via PPARγ. Rosiglitazone inhibits TRPM2 at higher concentration, with an IC₅₀ of appr 22.5 μM. Rosiglitazone is a strong stimulator of TRPC5 channels, with an EC₅₀ of ~30 μM^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) decreases the serum glucose in diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also decreases IL-6, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 levels in diabetic group. Rosiglitazone in combination with losartan increases glucose compared to diabetic and Los-treated groups. Rosiglitazone significantly ameliorates endothelial dysfunction indicated by a significantly lower contractile response to PE and Ang II and enhancement of ACh-provoked relaxation in aortas isolated from diabetic rats^[5].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

357.43

C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S

122320-73-4

罗格列酮

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (699.44 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Ethanol : 2 mg/mL (5.60 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (ultrasonic) (insoluble)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 5% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    50% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.99 mM); Clear solution
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 5% DMSO    95% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.99 mM); Clear solution
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 5.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.82 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Lehmann JM, et al. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270(22):12953-6.

  [2]. Willson TM, et al. The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones. J Med Chem. 1996 Feb 2;39(3):665-8.

  [3]. Thouennon E, et al. Rosiglitazone-activated PPARγ induces neurotrophic factor-α1 transcription contributing to neuroprotection. J Neurochem. 2015 Aug;134(3):463-70.

  [4]. Majeed Y, et al. Rapid and contrasting effects of rosiglitazone on transient receptor potential TRPM3 and TRPC5 channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;79(6):1023-30.

  [5]. Ateyya H, et al. Beneficial effects of rosiglitazone and losartan combination in diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;96(3):215-220.

cDNA encoding amino acids 174-475 of PPARγ1 is amplified via polymerase chain reaction and inserted into bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. GST-PPARγ LBD is expressed in BL21(DE3)plysS cells and extracts. For saturation binding analysis, bacterial extracts (100 μg of protein) are incubated at 4°C for 3 h in buffer containing 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 50 mM KCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol with [³H]-BRL49653 (specific activity, 40 Ci/mmol) in the presence or absence of unlabeled Rosiglitazone. Bound is separated from free radioactivity by elution through 1-mL Sephadex G-25 desalting columns. Bound radioactivity eluted in the column void volume and is quantitated by liquid scintillation counting^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

C3H10T1/2 cells are grown in a 24-well plate in DME medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Medium and compound (Rosiglitazone) are exchanged every 3 days. Cells are stained at day 7 with Oil Red O and photographed^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Rats are intravenously injected with 38 mg/kg streptozotocin and after 48 h, diabetes is identified by urinary glucosuria and then random blood sugar is measured and this day is regarded as day 0. Animals with a serum glucose level of 220-300 mg/dL are selected to be used in this study. Rats are randomly separated into five groups for daily drug administration for 8 weeks: group 1: control nondiabetic rats given a vehicle only (0.5 mL/kg of 0.5% carboxy methyl celleluse orally), group 2: control diabetic rats given a vehicle, group 3: diabetic rats receiving Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg orally), group 4: diabetic rats receiving losartan (2 mg/kg, orally), and group 5: diabetic rats receiving both Rosiglitazone and losartan^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Lehmann JM, et al. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270(22):12953-6.

  [2]. Willson TM, et al. The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones. J Med Chem. 1996 Feb 2;39(3):665-8.

  [3]. Thouennon E, et al. Rosiglitazone-activated PPARγ induces neurotrophic factor-α1 transcription contributing to neuroprotection. J Neurochem. 2015 Aug;134(3):463-70.

  [4]. Majeed Y, et al. Rapid and contrasting effects of rosiglitazone on transient receptor potential TRPM3 and TRPC5 channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;79(6):1023-30.

  [5]. Ateyya H, et al. Beneficial effects of rosiglitazone and losartan combination in diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;96(3):215-220.