BIX02188 is a potent MEK5-selective inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4.3 nM. BIX02188 inhibits ERK5 catalytic activity, with an IC₅₀ of 810 nM.

BIX02188 is a potent inhibitor of catalytic function of purified, active MEK5 enzyme. In activated HeLa cells, BIX02188 blocks phosphorylation of ERK5, without affecting phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases. To characterize the effects of BIX02188 in cultured endothelial cells (EC), H₂O₂ is used to activate BMK1. Bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells (BLMECs) are pretreated with 0.1-10 μM BIX02188 for 30 min, and then stimulated with 300 μM H₂O₂. BMK1 is dramatically activated by H₂O₂, with peak at 20 min. Phosphorylated BMK1 is inhibited by BIX02188 in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀=0.8±1.0 μM, and maximal inhibition at concentrations >3 μM. To examine the specificity of BIX02188, The effect of 0.1-10 μM BIX02188 is measured on the activity of ERK1/2 and JNK. There is no significant inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK at these concentrations. These observations confirm the selectivity of BIX02188 for MEK5-induced BMK1 phosphorylation^[1]. BIX02188 inhibits MEK5 and ERK5 activity, with IC₅₀s of 4.3 nM and 810 nM, respectively. BIX02188 does not inhibit closely related kinases MEK1, MEK2, ERK2, and JNK2. BIX02188 inhibits ERK5 phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner^[2]. To assess the proliferation of podocytes in response to the pro-fibrotic stimulus of TGFβ1, podocytes are pre-incubated in the presence and absence of BIX02188 (10 μM) for 60 min after which cells are co-treated with TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/mL) for 48 h to provide adequate time for proliferation to occur and a colorimetric cell proliferation assay is employed where metabolic activity is directly proportional to cell number. Inhibition of Erk5 activation with BIX02188 incubation reduces podocyte cell number. TGFβ1 stimulation increases podocyte cell number which is prevented following BIX02188 co-treatment^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

412.48

C₂₅H₂₄N₄O₂

334949-59-6

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : ≥ 45 mg/mL (109.10 mM)

* “≥” means soluble, but saturation unknown.

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 16.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 16.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Li L, et al. Fluid shear stress inhibits TNF-mediated JNK activation via MEK5-BMK1 in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 23;370(1):159-63.

  [2]. Badshah II, et al. Erk5 is a mediator to TGFβ1-induced loss of phenotype and function in human podocytes. Front Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 21;5:71.

  [3]. Tatake RJ, et al. Identification of pharmacological inhibitors of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 5;377(1):120-5.

Human podocyte cell lines are treated at 37°C with the growth factor TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/mL in serum-free media containing BSA (0.1% w/v)). Inhibitors are applied at 37°C in serum-free media. To diminish Erk5 activation the upstream activator Mek5 is chemically inhibited by BIX02188 (10 μM) with an additional 60 min pre-incubation. TGFβ1-mediated signaling is stopped with SB431542 (10 μM), targeting the type I TGFβ receptor Alk5, with a further 30 min pre-incubation. Transmembrane receptor-induced Ras function is prevented with an additional 30 min pre-incubation using farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; 10 μM). Controls (vehicles) are treated with serum-free media containing DMSO (0.1% v/v) and BSA (0.1% w/v)^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Li L, et al. Fluid shear stress inhibits TNF-mediated JNK activation via MEK5-BMK1 in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 23;370(1):159-63.

  [2]. Badshah II, et al. Erk5 is a mediator to TGFβ1-induced loss of phenotype and function in human podocytes. Front Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 21;5:71.

  [3]. Tatake RJ, et al. Identification of pharmacological inhibitors of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 5;377(1):120-5.

BIX02189 is a potent and selective MEK5 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.5 nM. BIX02189 also inhibits ERK5 catalytic activity with an IC₅₀ of 59 nM.

BIX02189 blocks phosphorylation of ERK5, without affecting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in sorbitol-stimulated HeLa cells. BIX02189 inhibits ERK5 phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner^[1]. Fluvastatin reduces advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation. To confirm this effect, VSMCs are treated with AGEs in the presence or absence of Fluvastatin and then subject to MTT assay. AGEs are found to dose-dependently induce cell proliferation, and this is significantly suppressed by Fluvastatin. In addition to MTT assay, the similar results are got with cell counting. This suppressive effect of Fluvastatin is prevented when VSMCs are pretreated with BIX02189. Whether ERK5 activation can reduce proliferation is also examined by using Ad-CA-MEK5α encoding a constitutively active mutant form of MEK5α (an upstream kinase of ERK5). AGE-induced proliferation determined by both MTT assay and cell counting is significantly diminished in the presence of Ad-CA-MEK5α, and Nrf2 depletion using siRNA restored AGE-induced proliferation^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice are treated with either 10 mg/kg of BIX02189 (in 25% DMSO) or vehicle control (same volume of 25% DMSO) by intraperitoneal injection. The nuclear localization of Nrf2 is inhibited in aortic endothelial cells from mice treated with BIX02189^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

440.54

C₂₇H₂₈N₄O₂

1265916-41-3

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : ≥ 49.4 mg/mL (112.14 mM)

* “≥” means soluble, but saturation unknown.

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.67 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Tatake RJ, et al. Identification of pharmacological inhibitors of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 5;377(1):120-5.

  [2]. Hwang AR, et al. Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 2017 May 22;12(5):e0178278.

  [3]. Kim M, et al. Laminar flow activation of ERK5 protein in vascular endothelium leads to atheroprotective effect via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40722-31.

AGE-induced proliferation is quantified using the MTT assay. Briefly, VSMCs are cultured on 24-well plates and when ~80% confluent, medium is replaced with serum free DMEM. Cells are then pretreated with BIX02189 (2 μM) and stimulated with Fluvastatin (5 μM) for 24 h. MTT reagents are added for 4 h at 37°C the removed by washing with PBS, and eluted with DMSO. Proliferation is measured using a microplate reader at 570 nm^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[3]
C57BL/6-specific pathogen-free mice are used. To determine the role of ERK5 on laminar flow-dependent Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vivo, 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are intraperitoneally treated with BIX02189 (10 mg/kg of body weight in 25% DMSO) or vehicle control. Following euthanization, vascular perfusion is performed with saline for 5 min followed by fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 5 min. Isolated aorta is incubated with 0.1% PBS with Tween, and then fat is removed. 5% goat serum is used for blocking and antibody diluents. Aortic endothelial cells are stained with anti-vascular endothelial-cadherin antibody and Topro3 for endothelial cell junction and nuclear, respectively. Cellular localization of Nrf2 is determined by immunofluorescence staining with anti-Nrf2 antibody under the Confocal microscope^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Tatake RJ, et al. Identification of pharmacological inhibitors of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 5;377(1):120-5.

  [2]. Hwang AR, et al. Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 2017 May 22;12(5):e0178278.

  [3]. Kim M, et al. Laminar flow activation of ERK5 protein in vascular endothelium leads to atheroprotective effect via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40722-31.