Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) is a potent and selective GSK-3α/β inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 10 nM and 6.7 nM. Laduviglusib shows >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over CDC2, ERK2 and other protein kinases. Laduviglusib is also a potent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator. Laduviglusib enhances mouse and human embryonic stem cells self-renewal. Laduviglusib induces autophagy^[1][2][3].

Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) inhibits human GSK-3β with K_i values of 9.8 nM^[1]. Laduviglusib is a small organic molecule that inhibits GSK3α and GSK3β by competing for their ATP-binding sites.In vitro kinase assays reveal that Laduviglusib specifically inhibits GSK3β (IC₅₀=~5 nM) and GSK3α (IC₅₀=~10 nM), with little effect on other kinases^[4]. In the presence of Laduviglusib the viability of the ES-D3 cells is reduced by 24.7% at 2.5 μM, 56.3% at 5 μM, 61.9% at 7.5 μM and 69.2% at 10 μM Laduviglusib with an IC₅₀ of 4.9 μM^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In ZDF rats, a single oral dose of Laduviglusib (16 mg/kg or 48 mg/kg) rapidly lowers plasma glucose, with a maximal reduction of nearly 150 mg/dl 3-4 h after administration^[1]. Laduviglusib (2 mg/kg) given once, 4 h before irradiation, significantly improves survival after 14.5 Gy abdominal irradiation (ABI). Laduviglusib treatment significantly blocks crypt apoptosis and accumulation of p-H2AX⁺ cells, and improves crypt regeneration and villus height. Laduviglusib treatment increases Lgr5⁺ cell survival by blocking apoptosis, and effectively prevents the reduction of Olfm4, Lgr5 and CD44 as early as 4 h^[5].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

465.34

C₂₂H₁₈Cl₂N₈

252917-06-9

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (35.82 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water

  Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.74 mM); Suspension solution; Need ultrasonic
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 20% SBE-β-CD adjusted to pH 4-4.5 with 1 N acetic

  Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.74 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.66 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (4.66 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 5.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明

• [1]. Ring DB, et al. Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2003 Mar;52(3):588-95.

  [2]. Naujok O, et al. Cytotoxicity and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells treated with four GSK3 inhibitors.BMC Res Notes. 2014 Apr 29;7:273.

  [3]. Ye S, et al. Pleiotropy of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition by CHIR99021 promotes self-renewal of embryonic stem cells from refractory mouse strains. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35892.

  [4]. Bennett CN, et al. Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30998-1004.

  [5]. Wang X, et al. Pharmacologically blocking p53-dependent apoptosis protects intestinal stem cells and mice from radiation. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 10;5:8566.

The viability of the mouse ES cells is determined after exposure to different concentrations of GSK3 inhibitors for three days using the MTT assay. The decrease of MTT activity is a reliable metabolism-based test for quantifying cell viability; this decrease correlates with the loss of cell viability. 2,000 cells are seeded overnight on gelatine-coated 96-well plates in LIF-containing ES cell medium. On the next day the medium is changed to medium devoid of LIF and with reduced serum and supplemented with 0.1-1 μM BIO, or 1-10 μM SB-216763, CHIR-99021 or CHIR-98014. Basal medium without GSK3 inhibitors or DMSO is used as control. All tested conditions are analyzed in triplicates^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Rats^[1]
Primary hepatocytes from male Sprague Dawley rats that weighed <140 g are prepared and used 1-3 h after isolation. aliquots of 1×10⁶cells in 1 mL of DMEM/F12 medium plus 0.2% BSA and CHIR-99021(orally at 16 or 48 mg/kg) or controls are incubated in 12-well plates on a low-speed shaker for 30 min at 37°C in a CO₂-enriched atmosphere, collected by centrifugation and lysed by freeze/thaw in buffer A plus 0.01% NP40; the GS assay is again performed.
Mice^[4]
Mice 6-10 weeks old are used. The PUMA^+/+ and PUMA^-/- littermates on C57BL/6 background (F10) and Lgr5-EGFP (Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT2) mice are subjected to whole body irradiation (TBI), or abdominal irradiation (ABI). Mice are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2 mg/kg of CHIR99021 4 h before radiation or 1 mg/kg of SB415286 28 h and 4 h before radiation. Mice are sacrificed to collect small intestines for histology analysis and western blotting. All mice are injected i.p. with 100 mg/kg of BrdU before sacrifice.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Ring DB, et al. Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2003 Mar;52(3):588-95.

  [2]. Naujok O, et al. Cytotoxicity and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells treated with four GSK3 inhibitors.BMC Res Notes. 2014 Apr 29;7:273.

  [3]. Ye S, et al. Pleiotropy of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition by CHIR99021 promotes self-renewal of embryonic stem cells from refractory mouse strains. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35892.

  [4]. Bennett CN, et al. Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30998-1004.

  [5]. Wang X, et al. Pharmacologically blocking p53-dependent apoptosis protects intestinal stem cells and mice from radiation. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 10;5:8566.