Actinonin ((-)-Actinonin) 是一种由放线菌产生的天然抗菌剂。Actinonin 抑制氨肽酶 M,氨肽酶 N 和亮氨酸氨肽酶。Actinonin 是一种有效的可逆肽去甲酰基酶 (PDF) 抑制剂,Ki 为 0.28 nM。Actinonin 还抑制 MMP-1,MMP-3,MMP-8,MMP-9 和 hmeprin α 的 Ki 值分别为 300 nM,1,700 nM,190 nM,330 nM 和 20 nM。Actinonin 是一种凋亡诱导剂,具有抗增殖和抗肿瘤活性。
生物活性 |
Actinonin ((-)-Actinonin) is a naturally occurring antibacterial agent produced by Actinomyces. Actinonin inhibits aminopeptidase M, aminopeptidase N and leucine aminopeptidase. Actinonin is a potent reversible peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.28 nM. Actinonin also inhibits MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and hmeprin α with Ki values of 300 nM, 1,700 nM, 190 nM, 330 nM, and 20 nM, respectively. Actinonin is an apoptosis inducer. Actinonin has antiproliferative and antitumor activities[1][2][3][4][5].
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IC50 & Target |
Ki: 0.28 nM (Peptide deformylase (PDF))[2], 300 nM (MMP-1), 1,700 nM (MMP-3), 190 nM (MMP-8), 330 nM (MMP-9)[3], and 20 nM (hmeprin α)[5] Apoptosis[1] Aminopeptidase M, Aminopeptidase N and Leucine aminopeptidase[1]
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体外研究 (In Vitro) |
Actinonin inhibits cell growth in various human tumor cell lines. The IC50 of 4, 6.9, 12.8, 16.6, 27.4, 15.7 and 49.3 μM for Raji cells, MDA-MB-468 cells,PC3 cells, SK-LC-19 cells, Hela cells, HT-1080 cells and AL67 cells, respectively[1]. HsPDF is a critical target of actinonin and that the inhibition of this protein in the mitochondria leads to cell death in tumor cells. Actinonin treatment of cells led to a tumor-specific mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP depletion in a time- and dose-dependent manner[1]. Actinonin is a potent inhibitor of all three forms (Zn-, Ni-, and Fe-) of peptide deformylases from both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Under the assay conditions, the IC50 values for Actinonin are 90, 3, 0.8, and 11 nM for Zn-PDF (E. coli), Ni-PDF (E. coli), Fe-PDF (E. coli), and Ni-PDF (S. aureus), respectively[2]. Actinonin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus (MIC value of 8-16 µg/mL), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC value of 8 µg/mL) and Streptococcus epidermidis (MIC value of 2-4 µg/mL). Actinonin is also active against fastidious Gramne-gative bacteria, such as H. influenzae (MIC value of 1-2 µg/mL), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC value of 0.5 µg/mL), and Neisseria gonorrheae (MIC value of 1-4 µg/mL). Actinonin is very active against the H. influenzae acr (MIC value of 0.13 µg/mL) and E. coli acr (MIC value of 0.25 µg/mL) efflux pump mutants[2].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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体内研究 (In Vivo) |
Actinonin has been safely administered to mice as an antibiotic at doses up to 400 mg/kg. Actinonin does not appear to have significant toxicity to normal tissues, despite its antitumor activity in vitro. Remarkably, Actinonin exhibits significant antitumor activity when given i.p. or orally in a CWR22 human prostate tumor xenograft model in nude mice. During treatment, the animals show no signs of toxicity[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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分子量 |
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Formula |
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CAS 号 |
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运输条件 |
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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储存方式 |
Powder |
-20°C |
3 years |
In solvent |
-80°C |
6 months |
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-20°C |
1 month |
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溶解性数据 |
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (129.70 mM; Need ultrasonic)
配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
1 mM |
2.5940 mL |
12.9702 mL |
25.9403 mL |
5 mM |
0.5188 mL |
2.5940 mL |
5.1881 mL |
10 mM |
0.2594 mL |
1.2970 mL |
2.5940 mL |
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请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。
In Vivo:
请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂:
——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用; 以下溶剂前显示的百 分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶
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1.
请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 50.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀;然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。
将 0.9 g 氯化钠,完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中,得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液
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2.
请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
此方案可获得 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM) 的均匀悬浊液,悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。
以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 50.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中,混合均匀。
将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中,再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL,完全溶解,澄清透明
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3.
请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO 90% corn oil
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM); Clear solution
此方案可获得 ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.97 mM,饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液,此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。
以 1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 50.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中,混合均匀。
*以上所有助溶剂都可在 MCE 网站选购。
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参考文献 |
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[1]. Lee MD, et al. Human mitochondrial peptide deformylase, a new anticancer target of actinonin-based antibiotics. J Clin Invest. 2004 Oct;114(8):1107-16.
[2]. Chen DZ, et al. Actinonin, a naturally occurring antibacterial agent, is a potent deformylase inhibitor. Biochemistry. 2000 Feb 15;39(6):1256-62.
[3]. Wahl, R.C., et al. Hydroxamate inhibitors of human gelatinase B (92 kDa). Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 5(4), 349-352 (1995).
[4]. Duke SO, et al. Modes of action of microbially-produced phytotoxins. Toxins (Basel). 2011 Aug;3(8):1038-64.
[5]. Kruse MN, et al. Human meprin alpha and beta homo-oligomers: cleavage of basement membrane proteins and sensitivity to metalloprotease inhibitors. Biochem J. 2004 Mar 1;378(Pt 2):383-9.
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